Potensi Ekstrak Kasar Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) sebagai Antibakteri Pseudomonas fluorescens Secara In Vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34145/agriekstensia.v25i1.3882Keywords:
Antibakteri, Psidium guajava L, Fitokimia, Pseudomonas fluorescensAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi ekstrak kasar daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap Pseudomonas fluorescens secara in vitro. P. fluorescens dikenal sebagai bakteri patogen oportunistik yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan dan kerugian pada budidaya ikan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan eksperimental dengan lima taraf konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji, yaitu 65, 90, 115, 140, dan 165 ppm, masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Nilai konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration/MIC) diperoleh pada konsentrasi 62,5 ppm, sedangkan aktivitas antibakteri dievaluasi melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun jambu biji berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan P. fluorescens. Konsentrasi tertinggi, yaitu 165 ppm, menghasilkan rerata diameter zona hambat sebesar 13,47 mm dan dikategorikan sebagai hambatan kuat. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji mengandung senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan fenol yang diduga berperan dalam aktivitas antibakteri melalui mekanisme perusakan membran sel dan gangguan sintesis dinding sel bakteri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kasar daun jambu biji berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami dalam pengendalian P. fluorescens pada sistem budidaya ikan.
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