Animal Welfare Implementation by Staff for Non-Infectious Inpatient Cats at Gustavet Veterinary Clinic & Acupuncture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34145/ivas.v1i1.3854Keywords:
Animal Welfare, Feline Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Non-Infectious Cats, Veterinary StaffAbstract
Animal welfare constitutes a form of animal rights, ensuring the fulfillment of animals' physical, and psychological needs, as well as environmental conditions suitable for them. This study aims to evaluate how well staff at Gustavet Animal Clinic and Acupuncture implement animal welfare in their non-infectious cat inpatient facilitie. Research was conducted from October to November 2024 at the Gustavet Veterinary Clinic and Acupuncture, involving six staff who served as veterinary paramedics. The inpatient facilities were evaluated using a welfare level scoring method, ranging from 1.0 to 4.0. The implementation of animal welfare by staff was assessed using the Guttman scale method. The results indicate that Animal welfare assessment based on non-infectious animal inpatient facilities obtained an average of 3.4 including the moderate category. This study concludes that animal welfare assessment based on the implementation of animal welfare by non-infectious inpatient staff obtained an average of 88% including the good category. Animal welfare implementation in non-infectious inpatient care meets WOAH and AVMA standards.
Downloads
References
[AVMA] American Veterinary Medical Association. (2017). Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease. [diakses 2025 Jan 9]. https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease.
[AVMA] American Veterinary Medical Association. (2022). Companion Animal Care Guidelines. [diakses 2025 Mar 7]. https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/companion-animal-care-guidelines.
[AVMA] American Veterinary Medical Association. (2022). Welfare Principles. [diakses 2024 Oktober 8] https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-welfare.
[VNCA] Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia. 2019. VNCA Day one competency standars. [diakses 2025 Jan 9]. https://vsb.sa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/VNCA-Day-One-Competency-Standards-2019.pdf.
[WOAH] World Organisation for Animal Health. (2021). Animal welfare standards. [diakses 2024 Oktober 9]. https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/animal%20health-and-welfare/animal-welfare/.
Aini Q, Imam MS, Fenty EMA. (2019). Analisis website perpustakaan universitas islam negeri menggunakan metode benchmarking dan goal oriented requirments engineering (GORE) model (studi kasus: uin jakarta, uin yogyakarta dan uin malang). JTI. 12(2):159-166. doi: 10.15408/jti.v12i2.13245
Alison. (2023). How To Play With Cats-A Comprehensive Guide to Feline Fun. [diakses 2025 Jan 9]. https://www.lifewithcats.tv/how-to-play-with-cats/.
Amat M, Camps D, Manteca X. (2016). Stress in owned cats: Behavioural changes and welfare implications. JFMS. 18(8):577-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X16652759
Aqilah AS, Dwi CB, Merry W. (2020). Penerapan kesejahteraan hewan oleh staf pada kucing yang dirawat inap di klinik hewan di Kota Bandung. JIMV. 9(5): 773-786. doi: 10.19087/imv.2020.9.5.773.
Auer JA, Martig S. (2017). Patient handling and restraint. In Equine surgery. JFMS. 19(11): 1051-1062. doi: 10.1177/1098612X16677371.
Borks D, Churchill J, Fein K. (2014). AAHA weight management guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 50(1):1-11. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6331.
Cage Free Indonesia. (2024). Ayam Petelur Kandang Baterai, Stres Tiada Akhir dan Berekelanjutan. [diaskes 2025 Jan 9]. https://cagefreeindonesia.org/ayam-petelur-kandang-baterai-stres-tiada-akhir-dan-berkelanjutan/.
Calder CD. (2024). Choosing The Right Litterbox for Your Cat. [diakses 2025 Feb 11]. https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=121 43182.
Carney HC, Little S, Brownlee-Tomasso D, Harvey AM, Mattox E, Robertson S, Manley DS. (2014). AAFP and ISFM feline-friendly nursing care guidelines. J Feline Med Surg. 14(5):337-349. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12445002.
Carozza EM. (2018). Understanding the cat. PFP. 20(8): 61-68
Cats Luvus. (2024). What is Ambient Light and Why It Matters for Cat Owners. [diakses 2025 jan 9]. https://www.catsluvus.com/cat-grooming/what-is-ambient-lighting-and-why-it-matters-for-cat-owners/.
Celebi F, Karabulut C. (2024). The impact of human-animal interaction on animal welfare and owners' job performance: a study on cats, dogs and birds. J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 13:1-14. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2424579.
Chandra FSM, Jayanti PD, Arjentinia IPGY, Gunawan IWNF. (2024). Effect of feed on the incidence of feline lower urinary tract disease in persian mix cat. Vet Sci Med J. 6(6):554-566. doi: 10.24843/vsmj.2024.v06.i06.p06.
Cline MG, Burns KM, Coe JB, Downing R, Durzi T, Murphy M, Parker V. (2021). 2021 AAHA Nutrition and weight management guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 57(4):153-178. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7232.
Dalimunthe NP, Alikodra HS, Iskandar E, Atmoko SU. (2020). Manajemen pakan dan pemenuhan nutrisi orangutan kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus) di taman safari indonesia dan taman margasatwa ragunan. JBI. 16(1): 57-66. doi: 10.47349/jbi/16012020/57.
Delgado M, Dantas LMS. (2020). Feeding cats for optimal mental and behavioral well-being. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 50(5):939-953. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.05.003.
Elischer M. (2019). The Five Freedoms: A History Lesson in Animal Care and Welfare. [diakses 2024 Desember 11]. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/an_animal_welfare_history_lesson_on_the_five_freedoms.
Fatimah C, Puspaningtyas ND. (2020). Dampak pandemi covid-19 terhadap pembelajaran online mata pelajaran matematika di SMAN 1 Lampung Selatan. JPMATE UNILA. 8(4):250-260. doi: 10.23960/mtk/v8i2.pp250-260.
Fitriana F. (2020). Manajemen Rawat Inap Pasien Kucing di Lab Klinik "Klinik Hewan Jogja" Yogyakarta Periode 7-19 Oktober 2019 [skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada.
Ford RB, Larson LJ, Mcclure KD, Schultz RD, Welborn LV. (2017). AAHA canine vaccination guidelines. 26–35. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 53(5):243-251. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6741.
Gerrad E. (2024). Emergency Triage for Small Animal Veterinary Nurses: A Guide. [diakses 2025 Jan 9]. https://www.veterinary-practice.com/article/emergency-triage-for-small-animal-veterinary-nurses-a-guide.
German AJ, Holden, S. L., Moxham, C. L., & Morris, P. J. (2018). SHAPE: a simple, visual body condition scoring system for owners of dogs and cats. JASAP. 59(1): 6-15. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12739.
Grimm KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA, Robertson SA. (2016). Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. J TVJL. 206(3):e1. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.014.
Hartuti RS, Adam M, Murtina T. (2014). Study of Cat’s Welfare Kept at Pet Shops in Bekasi West Java. JMV. 8(1):37-42. doi: 10.21157/j.med.vet..v8i1.3333.
Hayes G, Mathews K, Doig C. (2019). The use of a modified animal trauma triage score (MATTS) for outcome prediction in dogs and cats presenting as emergencies. VECC. 29(6): 630–637. doi: 10.1111/vec.12884
Hayman F. (2021). Berapa Suhu Ruangan yang Ideal untuk Anjing dan Kucing. [diakses 2025 Jan 9]. https://w ww.k ompas.co m/hom e. y/read/2021/12/13/100500476/berapa-suhu-ruangan-yang-ideal-untuk-anjing-dan-kucing-?page=all.
Herron M. (2019). Utilizing animal handling tools that reduce and increase efficiency and safety for all. Vterinary Clinical Sciences. [diakses 2025 Jan 5]. https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=24437&id=9382994.
Herron ME, Madden TMK, Lord LK. (2015). Effects of environmental enrichment on the behavior of shelter dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 244(6):687-92. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.6.687.
Houser B, Vitale KR. (2022). Increasing shelter cat welfare through enrichment: A review. J Appl Anim Behavior Sci. 248. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105585.
Hunter S, Brisbin R. (2016). Pet politics:The political and legal lives of cats, dogs and horses in canada and the United States. West Lafayette (IN):Purdue University Press. ISBN-13978-1557537324.
Juliadilla RS, Hastuti CH. (2018). Peran pet (hewan peliharaan) pada tingkat stres pegawai purnatugas. JPSI. 6(2): 153-175. doi: 10.14421/JPSI.v6i2.1488.
Julianti S , Indira NQ, Muhammad A, Inas S, Kanthi AW. (2020). Aktivitas harian dan perilaku makan kucing domestik liar dilingkungan kantin IPB. Al Kauniyah: J Bio. 14(2):244-253. doi: 0.15408/kauniyah.v14i2.15730.
Koey A, Lim C. (2014). Veterinary Medication Errors. [diakses 2025 Jan 9]. https://www.ava.com.au/contentassets/b95126020d074f8e90617b929fd96e0e/issue-70-koey.pdf.
Latif H, Trioso P, Supratikno, Hastho Y, Agus J, Puguh W, Yadi CS, Anis TF, Juni AS. (2023). Pedoman Pembinaan Penerapan Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Unit Usaha Produk Hewan. Jakarta (ID): Direktorat Kesmavet Ditjen PKH. [diakses 2024 Jan 9]. https://ditjenpkh.pertanian.go.id/storage/photos/shares/konten/publikasi/files/Pedoman%20Pembinaan%20Kesrawan%20pada%20Unit%20Usaha%20Produk%20Hewan%20Tahun%202023.pdf
Lesson Jenelle. (2024). What Smells Do Cats Hate? 15 Scents Cat Dislike. [diakses 25 Feb 11] https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/what-smells-do-cats-hate.
Mahdia A, Safitri1 PA, Setiarini1 RF, Maherani1 VFA, Ahsani1 MN, Soenarno MS. (2022). Analisis keefektifan ekoenzim sebagai pembersih kandang ayam dari limbah buah jeruk (Citrus sp.). JIPTHP. 10(1): 42-46. doi: /10.29244/jipthp.10.1.42-46.
Manteca X, Salas M, Temple D. 2015. Animal welfare in clinical environments. Journal of FMS. 17(7), 543-547. doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201611010.
Mappanganro R, Syam J, Ali C. (2018). Tingkat penerapan biosekuriti pada peternak ayam petelur dikecamatan panca rijang kabupaten sumenep. JIIP. 4(1): 60-73. doi: 10.24252/jiip.v4i1.9809.
Mariti C, Bowen JE, Campa S, Grebe G, Sighieri C, Gazzano A. (2016). Guardians' Perceptions of Cats' Welfare and Behavior Regarding Visiting Veterinary Clinics. J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 19(4):375-384. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2016.1173548.
Martindale RG, Patel JJ, Taylor B, McClave SA, Kiraly LN. (2017). Nutrition in the Critically Ill Patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 30(2):178-185. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000441.
Maulidya T, Razali, Ismail, Rastina. (2021). Studi evaluasi pemotongan hewan qurban dikota Banda Aceh dan sebagian Aceh Besar dari aspek sanitasi dan kesrawan. JIM VET. 5(4):146-154. E-ISSN: 2540-9492.
Mutiarahmi CN, Hartady T, Lesmana R. (2021). Kajian Pustaka: Penggunaan Mencit Sebagai Hewan Coba di Laboratorium yang Mengacu pada Prinsip Kesejahteraan Hewan. Indo Med Vet. doi: 10.19087/imv.2021.10.1.134.
Ngitung R. (2021). Karakteristik Perilaku Kucing Domestik. JSAINSMAT. 10(1):178-84. doi: 10.35580/sainsmat101362152021.
Nisa C. (2023). 5 Asas Animal Welfare yang Wajib Kamu Kenali Sebelum Rawat Hewan. [diakses 2024 Oktober 9] https://fikkia.unair.ac.id/5-asas animalwelfare-yang-wajib-kamu-kenali-sebelum-rawat-hewan-baru/.
Overall KL. 2017. Feline behavioral medicine: Considerations for the practitioner. JCVSM:47(5):1093-1116.doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.05.006
Overall KL. (2017). The cat: clinical behavior and walfare. Anim Welf. 76(3):123-145. doi: 10.1017/awf.2023.44.
Pantur A, Ari W, Suhardi, Nurul FH. (2023). Analisis kesejahteraan hewan ternak sapi bali (Bos Sandaicus) pada proses transportasi dari Kota Kupang menuju Kota Samarinda. JPLTrop. 6(2): 70-76. doi: 10.30872/jpltrop.v6i2.12387.
Proops L, McComb, K., & Reby, D. (2015). The welfare of domestic cats in kennels: Considerations for housing and management. JAPPLANIM. 166(8): 142-151. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.02.001.
Purba EP, Rizal S, Soeprapto S, Harefa FA. (2020). Gambaran pelaksanaan personal hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan oleh pekerja (studi kasus) di klinik hewan marcelo exist pet center bogor. JTEKLING. 9(2): 96-106. doi: 10.47007/ijnhs.v8i2.7127.
Raftia F. (2016). Eksplorasi dan Prevelansi Jenis Telur Cacing pada Feses Kucing Liar dan Kucing Peliharaan Dikawasan Universitas Negri Semarang [disertasi]. Semarang (ID): Universitas Negri Semarang.
Rakuten Insight. (2021). Kepemilikan hewan peliharaan di Asia. [diakses 2024 Oktober 9]. https://insight-rakuten-com.translate.goog/pet-ownership-in-asia/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc.
Rantai A. (2018). Evaluasi kesejahteraan hewan pada klinik hewan dipantai barat Sabah Malaysia. requirments engineering (GORE) model (studi kasus: UIN Jakarta, UIN Yogyakarta dan UIN Malang. JTI 12 (2): 159-166.
Rochford MR, Neville PF. (2020). The impact of environmental enrichment on the outcome variability and scientific validity of laboratory animal studies. Rev Sci Tech. 33(1):273-80. doi: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2282.
Rochlitz I. 2016. A review of the housing requirements of domestic (house) cats kept in confined environments. P Clinics: Small Anim Pract 183(2):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.004
Rochlitz I. (2015). Stress in companion animals: The impact of handling and restraint. P Clinics: Small Anim Pract. 45(3):275-293. doi: doi: 10.3390/ani11082171.
Rodan I. (2011). AAFP and ISFM feline-friendly handling guidelines. J Feline Med Surg. 13(5):364-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.03.012.
Setiawan W, Tutut S, Burhanuddin M. (2021). The contribution value of conservation shelters. JSL. 3(1)1-25. doi: 10.23960/jsl29314-328.
Sirois M, Lat EMR. (2016). Elsevier's Veterinary Assisting Textbook. Amerika (US): Mosby. ISBN: 9780323683630.
Smith J, Brown P, Green K. (2022). The role of protein in feline nutrition: A Study of health outcomes. J Anim Sci. 14(1):134-145. doi: 10.1186/s40104-022-00827-8.
Smith J, Johnson L. (2023). Identifying Hazardous Materials in Veterinary Hospital Settings. IJERPH. 35(1): 78-92. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20186747.
Smith R, Johnson L. (2018). The Effect of Housing Density on Stress and Behavior in Hospitalized Animals. J Anim Sci. 27(8): 45-52. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad223.
Susanto W, Maria, Gandha V. (2015). Pusat edukasi tentang hewan peliharaan di kelapa gading. JKT. 11(1):28-42. doi: 10.30998/jrkt.v3i01.8433.
Tauseef M, Rathod E, Nandish SM, Kushal MG. (2024). Advancements in Pet Care Technology: A Comprehensive Survey. ICDECS. 4:1-6. doi: 10.1109/ICDECS59733.2023.10503555.
Trevorrow N. 2019.The implications of social living in cats. Comp Anim. 24 (5):24-30. doi: 10.12968/coan.2019.24.5.257.
Triastuti I. (2015). Kajian filsafat tentang kesejahteraan hewan dalam kaitannya dengan pengelolaan di lembaga konserfasi. JKESWANY. 1(1): 9-15. doi: 10.32832/yustisi.v2i1.193.
Umaiyah I, Noviatri A, Prasetyo D, Rickyawan N, Kristanto D. (2024). Studi kasus: chronic kidney disease pada kucing domestik (felis catus). VITEK. 14(1):156-164. doi: 10.30742/jv.v14i1.279.
Wagner D, Hurley K, Stavisky J. 2018. Shelter housing for cats: Practical aspects of design and construction, and adaptation of existing accommodation. J Feline Med Surg. 20(7):643-652. doi: 10.1177/1098612X18781390.
Wahyudi A. (2024). Kebersihan kandang kucing: Langkah kecil menuju kesehatahn dan kebahagiaan yang lebih besar [diakses 2024 Jan 5]. https://www.abstraksi.id/06/29/kebersihan-kandang-kucing-langkah-kecil-menuju-kesehatan-dan-kebahagiaan-yang-lebih-besar/.
Wahyuwardani S, Noor SM, Bakrie B.2020. Etika kesejahteraan hewan dalam
penelitian dan pengujian: implementasi dan kendalanya. WARTAZOA. 30(4): 211-220. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i4.2529.
Weichbrod RH, Thompson GA, Norton JN. (2022). Management of animal care and use programs in research, education, and testing. Boca Raton (BR): CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. doi: 10.1201/9781315152189.
Zakariya AF, Purwono EH, Sugiarto T. (2015). Penerapan konstruksi space frame
pada kawasan kandang kucing besar kebun binatang Surabaya. JMJUNBRAW. 3(1): 110-437.
Zuroida R, Azizah R. (2018). Sanitasi kandang dan keluhan kesehatan pada peternak sapi perah di Desa Murukan Kabupaten Jombang. JKESLING.10(4): 434-440. doi: 10.20473/jkl.v10i4.2018.434-440.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Affan Muttaqin, Gustav Ananta Mueler, Henny Endah Anggraeni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
