Development of Internet of Things (IOT) Technology For Health Monitoring in Goats : A Review

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides a significant innovation in real-time goats health monitoring, replacing less responsive and accurate conventional methods. In traditional livestock farming, delayed disease detection often leads to livestock deaths and reduced productivity. IoT utilizes wearable sensors that measure body temperature, heart rate, and physical activity, as well as GPS sensors to monitor livestock movement. The collected data is analyzed with machine learning algorithms to detect early signs of disease, enabling faster intervention. Acoustic and environmental sensors, which measure temperature, humidity, and ammonia, complement the monitoring, providing a comprehensive picture of livestock and environmental conditions. This data integration supports more precise and efficient farm management, improving productivity and goats welfare, while reducing costs and environmental impact. Furthermore, IoT technology can be applied with smart surveillance cameras (CCTVs) equipped with temperature sensors to non-invasively monitor animal body temperature and automatically monitor pen conditions. Review discusses the stages of IoT development, including hardware design, cloud platforms, machine learning algorithms, and field testing. Results demonstrate high accuracy and ease of implementation. Recommendations for development include sensor improvements, scalability, user training, and policy support and cross-disciplinary collaboration to ensure the sustainability of the technology in the national livestock sector.